Written by Katie Creel, a college advising contributor at Colleges of Distinction. This article was reviewed by the Colleges of Distinction team

What You Need to Know About the Pass/Fail Grading System in College (2025 Guide)

College can be challenging, and sometimes students need a little flexibility when it comes to grades. That’s where the pass/fail grading system comes in. Whether you’re trying to protect your GPA, reduce academic pressure, or just explore a new subject without stress, understanding how pass/fail works is key.

In this guide, we’ll break down what the pass/fail system means, when to use it, and how it can affect your transcript and future goals.

📘 How the Pass/Fail Grading System Works

In a pass/fail class, you don’t receive a traditional letter grade. Instead, your performance is evaluated simply as:

• P (Pass): You met the minimum course requirements.
• F (Fail): You didn’t meet the requirements.

The big difference? A passing grade does not affect your GPA—but a fail typically will.

Most colleges allow students to opt into pass/fail grading for certain electives or non-major classes. Policies vary, so always check with your academic advisor or review your school’s official grading policy. For example, check out UC Berkeley’s pass/no pass policy.

✅ Benefits of Taking a Class Pass/Fail

1. GPA Protection

Struggling in a tough class? Pass/fail gives you a chance to earn credit without risking your GPA. Learn more about managing academic stress in our student article Managing Stress in College.

2. Explore New Subjects

Curious about astronomy, philosophy, or coding—but don’t want it to tank your transcript? Pass/fail lets you experiment academically, especially in subjects outside your major.

3. Reduce Stress

Without the pressure of earning an A, students can focus on learning for its own sake. This is especially helpful for first-generation or high-performing students balancing multiple responsibilities.

4. Flexibility During Difficult Times

Colleges often recommend pass/fail during personal, health, or mental wellness challenges. In fact, many schools expanded their policies during COVID-19. Read more from Inside Higher Ed.

⚠️ Potential Drawbacks of Pass/Fail

1. May Not Count Toward Major or Prerequisites

Many colleges won’t allow you to use a pass/fail grade to fulfill a major, minor, or gen ed requirement. Always confirm with your advisor before switching.

2. Fewer GPA Boost Opportunities

If you’re a strong student, switching to pass/fail removes the chance to boost your GPA with an A or B. Learn more in our article on how to Get a 3.5 GPA (or Higher!) in College.

3. Some Employers and Grad Schools May Question It

Too many pass/fail grades—especially in core courses—can raise questions. Some grad schools expect letter grades for major-specific classes. The AAMC provides guidance for pre-med students on how P/F is viewed post-COVID.

🧠 When Should You Take a Class Pass/Fail?

Here are a few smart times to consider the option:

• You’re curious about a subject but it’s outside your comfort zone
• You’re overwhelmed and need to lower your academic load
• You’re already struggling in a course and it’s early enough to switch
• You’re managing health or personal issues

Pro tip: Some colleges let you switch to pass/fail up to a specific deadline. Check with your registrar or advisor before making any changes.

🎓 How Pass/Fail Affects Grad School and Jobs

Some graduate programs—like medical, law, or engineering—expect traditional letter grades in key subjects. But others may be more flexible, especially if you explain the context.

Employers usually won’t mind a pass/fail or two, especially in electives. Focus on maintaining strong performance in your major and building a strong resume. Check out our guide to getting an internship after college.